Castor Oil: Uses, Benefits, and Precautions
Castor oil is a versatile, plant-based product, widely known for its numerous applications in various industries, from cosmetics to food, and medicine. Derived from the...
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Diabetes, a chronic health condition that affects millions of people worldwide, is closely linked with dietary habits. The type and quantity of food consumed play a significant role in managing diabetes.
Protein intake in individuals with diabetes should be carefully monitored. If diabetes is well-managed and there are no metabolic or functional complications, the protein intake can be normal. However, variations in the condition may necessitate changes in dietary composition or distribution.
Nutritionists generally recommend that proteins make up 13% to 20% of the total daily calorie intake, or 1.0 to 1.1 g of protein per kilogram of healthy body weight (with a body mass index between 18.5 and 24.9). However, the protein intake may need to be reduced in case of diabetic nephropathy, but it should not fall below 0.7 g/kg/day.
The source of proteins is also crucial. It is recommended that two-thirds of the protein intake should come from animal products, and one-third from plant products like legumes.
Good sources of protein include lean cuts of meat like chicken breast, turkey, rabbit, beef, and even pork. It is advisable to remove the skin and avoid the fatty parts of some animals. Eggs, particularly the egg whites, are also a good source of protein. Lean preserved meats, most fish, and low-fat dairy products can also be consumed safely.
On the other hand, fatty meats and offal rich in fat, raw and cooked fatty sausages, and fatty cheeses should be avoided. It is also best to limit the consumption of egg yolk to less than three per week due to its high lipid content.
The relationship between diabetes and fat is more consistent across most clinical cases. Maintaining a normal weight or losing weight in case of overweight is a primary concern. It is essential to reduce the intake of fats with a negative metabolic impact (cholesterol, saturated, hydrogenated fatty acids) in favor of beneficial ones (omega 3, gamma linolenic acid).
The recommended fat intake for individuals with diabetes is around 25% of the daily caloric intake. However, this percentage can rise if the diet requires a significant limitation of carbohydrates, but it should never exceed 40%.
Healthy fat sources include extra virgin olive oil and good quality seed oils. Partially or totally skimmed milk and yogurt, and low-fat cheeses are also recommended. For frying, olive oil or peanut oil is advisable.
Conversely, margarine, tropical oils and fats, butter, whole milk, whole yoghurt, and fatty cheeses should be avoided. Fried foods, fatty meats, fatty preserved meats, too many egg yolks, and products preserved in oil are also not recommended.
Cholesterol intake should be carefully monitored in individuals with diabetes. It is important not to exceed the limit of 300mg/day. By following a balanced, low-calorie but not too restrictive diet, it is possible to improve the blood lipid profile, slowing down the development of atherosclerosis and significantly reducing the risk of complications.
Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats can increase the fraction of good HDL cholesterol. These foods are also rich in plant sterols, natural substances that help combat cholesterol.
Vegetables and plant-based foods rich in fiber improve the blood cholesterol profile. White meat is more recommended due to the lower quantity of total fat, including saturated fat. Lean fish or those rich in omega 3 and low in cholesterol are also good choices.
Foods to avoid include butter, all fatty dairy products, egg yolk, all fatty meats, all cured meats and sausages, crustaceans, and certain molluscs. Baked goods, sweets, and savory pastries should also be avoided.
In conclusion, managing diabetes effectively involves a comprehensive understanding of the role of proteins, fats, and cholesterol in the diet. By making informed dietary choices and maintaining a balanced diet, individuals with diabetes can significantly improve their health outcomes. It is also important to consult with healthcare professionals regularly to ensure that dietary plans align with individual health needs and goals.
